For most people who are suffering from fever, cough and fatigue, the likely culprits are cold, flu or COVID-19. But for those living in the southwestern U.S., the symptoms could point to Valley fever — and some scientists predict that this illness eventually could spread to other regions. Named after the San Joaquin Valley in California, Valley fever is an infection caused by breathing in the spores of a fungus called Coccidioides, which originates in the soil. DIRE SHORTAGE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE SPECIALISTS, FOR ‘COMPLEX’ REASONS Southern Arizona and Southern California have the highest volume of cases, per the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — but the disease is also prevalent in New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Texas and parts of Washington State.