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Bookmark or Share- When is a runway considered to be wet or slippery for 135 or 121 ...JAA says that a runway is contaminated "when more than 25 percent of the runway surface are (whether in isolated areas or not) within the required length and width being used is covered by the following: "Surface water more than 3.0 mm [millimeters] (0125 in [inch]) deep, or by slush or loose snow, equivalent to more than 3.0 mm (0.125 in) of ...
- What is the difference between ICAO, JAA, FAA, EASA, and CAA?With the creation of EASA (see below) in 2002, the EU members transferred the airworthiness regulations away from the JAA. Over time, EASA became responsible for operations and licensing as well. In 2009 the JAA system was disbanded. Only the training organisation (JAA-TO) remains, it mainly provides courses for CAA staff of European countries.
- When are winds given with respect to true vs. magnetic north?The general rule is: If you read it, it's true. If you hear it, it's magnetic. All charts and textual sources (METAR, TAF, winds aloft, surface analysis charts, etc) use true north as the reference.
- pilot certification - How do I renew/revalidate my lapsed JAR PPL ...It's confused by the UK's transition from the JAA to EASA licensing. My JAR-PPL(A), issued in 2011, is valid for 5 years so yes, I assume yours will have expired. My FRTOL is valid for 10 years so presumably yours will have expired too.
- Is military grade jet fuel more expensive than civilian grade?JAA is "Jet A with Additives". It's Jet A (which is slightly less expensive than Jet A1, but available primarily in the US) with some additives added to improve lubrication, reduce corrosion, icing, etc.
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