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Bookmark or Share- Apostrophe s' or s's - English Language & Usage Stack ExchangeOn the use of so-called 'zero genitive', marked by a simple apostrophe in spelling ('), as opposed to the 's genitive, Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech and Svartvik specify in A Comprehensive grammar of the English Language (pp. 320 & 321) that:
- reading - Is it "end quote" or "unquote"? - English Language & Usage ...If you wish to have a long extract put in quotation marks, say at the beginning: "Begin quote," and at the end: "End quote." Always indicate a new paragraph to the copyist by saying, "Paragraph." The use of "end quote" in the same sense as "unquote" was current by 1900. From George Horton, A Fair Brigand (1899):
- Meaning of "by" when used with dates - inclusive or exclusiveDue at or before a specific time on the date, such as the end of the workday for the person receiving the work. (the below veers off the topic of the word's usage, but I thought it was worth adding) Because of this ambiguity, it is extremely prudent to seek more clarification. At what time on that date does the deadline occur?
- word choice - "Start" vs. "begin", "finish" vs. "end" - English ...Personal conclusion: Both Begin/End Start/End are good. But, if we are talking about date or time, start and end might be better. Because start means the beginning of a trip, it's more like how the time works, a liner trace, which can be imagined in the reader's mind. Begin and End lack this kind of visualizing meaning.
- articles - 'by the end of' or 'by end of' - English Language & Usage ...I have looked 'end' up in the BBI Combinatory Dictionary of English, but it gives only 'by the end of the year" without further comments. I ask because I have a feeling that 'by the end' is used about the past (e.g. I managed to get it done by the end of August) and 'by end of' about the future (e.g. the report must be handed in by end of ...
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