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Bookmark or Share- Pharmaceutical industry | Definition, Overview, History ...Pharmaceutical science in the 16th and 17th centuries. Pharmaceutical science improved markedly in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1546 the first pharmacopoeia, or collected list of drugs and medicinal chemicals with directions for making pharmaceutical preparations, appeared in Nürnberg, Ger.Previous to this time, medical preparations had varied in concentration and even in constituents.
- Vaccine | Definition, Types, History, & Facts | BritannicaA vaccine can confer active immunity against a specific harmful agent by stimulating the immune system to attack the agent. Once stimulated by a vaccine, the antibody-producing cells, called B cells (or B lymphocytes), remain sensitized and ready to respond to the agent should it ever gain entry to the body.A vaccine may also confer passive immunity by providing antibodies or lymphocytes ...
- Anthony Fauci | Biography, AIDS, COVID-19, NIAID, & Facts - BritannicaAnthony Fauci (born December 24, 1940, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.) is an American doctor and scientist who, as director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID; 1984–2022), played a key role in diagnosing and treating a number of contagious illnesses, notably AIDS and COVID-19.. Early life and education. Fauci is the youngest of two children born to Eugenia (née ...
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | Definition & Steps | Britannicapolymerase chain reaction ( PCR), a technique used to make numerous copies of a specific segment of DNA quickly and accurately. The polymerase chain reaction enables investigators to obtain the large quantities of DNA that are required for various experiments and procedures in molecular biology, forensic analysis, evolutionary biology, and medical diagnostics.
- genetically modified organism - Encyclopedia Britannicagenetically modified organism (GMO), organism whose genome has been engineered in the laboratory in order to favour the expression of desired physiological traits or the generation of desired biological products.In conventional livestock production, crop farming, and even pet breeding, it has long been the practice to breed select individuals of a species in order to produce offspring that ...
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