JOE SCARBOROUGH (CO-HOST): Explain to people that are watching how the Arctic really is ground zero in the battle against climate change. FRAN ULMER (CHAIR, U.S. ARCTIC RESEARCH COMMISSION): Well, the Arctic is warming faster than any other place on Earth. Alaska, for example, has warmed about 4 degrees in the summer, about 7 degrees in the winter, and that's having profound effects on a system that is very much driven by the importance of ice. We need ice because actually the Arctic kind of acts as a refrigerator for the planet. It helps moderate temperatures in mid-latitudes, as well as in Alaska and in the Arctic, so it's very important that we increase our understanding of what is happening, the rapid rate of change in the Arctic.