For 75 years, the United Nations agency known as UNRWA has been the backbone of health and education for Palestinians with refugee status, a population that now totals 6 million people, including about 1.4 million in Gaza. In the past, whenever fighting broke out, the organization would also serve any civilian seeking shelter in the enclave’s 300 primary schools—protected by the blue flag of the United Nations. That status remained the norm for the first months of the cataclysmic current war.