MANILA — The Philippine president asked Congress on Monday to pass a troubled Muslim autonomy bill at the heart of efforts to end a bloody rebellion in the country’s south and legislation designed to lessen the stranglehold on power of entrenched political families, which include his. In his final state of the nation speech before he steps down in 11 months, Benigno Aquino III summed up his administration’s achievements in battling corruption and poverty — his campaign battle cry in 2010.