WASHINGTON — The Obama administration issued guidelines Monday that restrict the ability of federal law enforcement agencies to profile on the basis of religion, national origin and other characteristics, protocols the Justice Department hopes could be a model for local departments as the nation tackles questions about the role race plays in policing. The policy, which replaces decade-old guidelines established under the Bush administration, also will require federal agencies to provide training and to collect data on complaints. Civil rights advocates said they welcome the broader protections, but are disappointed that the guidance will exempt security screening in airports and border checkpoints and won’t be binding on local and state police agencies. “It’s so loosely drafted that its exceptions risk swallowing any rule and permit some of the worst law enforcement policies and practices that have victimized and alienated American Muslim and other minority communities,” said Laura Murphy, director of the ACLU’s Washington Legislative Office, in a prepared statement.