Wagner had written three operas before tackling “The Flying Dutchman,” but that vivid, darkly Romantic tale of love and redemption is where you can first hear him coming into his full artistic persona. All the traits we associate with his mature work — an extraordinary mastery of orchestral texture, a vocal style at once lyrical and heroic, and the central theme of self-sacrifice — are there in the guise of a rollicking sea yarn. “The Flying Dutchman” takes the stage at Opera San José this weekend, with baritone Noel Bouley in the title role and soprano Kerriann Otaño as Senta.