DNA testing.Hero Images / Gerry Images Researchers published two new papers on the human Y chromosome. It's the final chromosome in the human genome that researchers hadn't fully sequenced. The new reference could help researchers better understand infertility and some types of cancer. Decades ago, researchers referred to the human Y chromosome as a "functional wasteland," among other names.A huge amount of its genome was unsequenced, and it was difficult to know how some of its protein-coding genes worked.