A data-driven look at how wildly quality can vary within fast-food franchises. Halfway through the 2016 film The Founder, there’s a scene in which McDonald’s venal CEO, Ray Kroc (played by Michael Keaton), tracks down a franchisee on a golf course. Kroc has just discovered that this man’s McDonald’s franchise has drifted away from Kroc’s vision of McDonald’s as “the new American church” and has instead fallen into a derelict hangout for greasers, filled with litter—and, worst of all, that lettuce was somehow finding its way into the hamburgers.