In his 2013 book America the Beautiful, Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon who now is at the front of the GOP's 2016 presidential pack, proposed a simple plan to reduce health-care fraud: the Saudi Arabian Solution. "I would not advocate chopping off people's limbs, but there would be some very stiff penalties for this kind of fraud, such as loss of one's medical license for life, no less than ten years in prison, and loss of all of one's personal possessions," Carson wrote.